Their symmetry group consists only of the identity mapping. F, L, N, P, and Y can be oriented in 8 ways: 4 by rotation, and 4 more for the mirror image.It is used by convention in discussing Conway's Game of Life, where, for example, one speaks of the R-pentomino instead of the F-pentomino. The resemblance to the letters is more strained, especially for the O pentomino, but this scheme has the advantage of using 12 consecutive letters of the alphabet. John Horton Conway proposed an alternate labeling scheme for pentominoes, using O instead of I, Q instead of L, R instead of F, and S instead of N. Golomb named the 12 free pentominoes after letters of the Latin alphabet that they resemble. Golomb coined the term "pentomino" from the Ancient Greek πέντε / pénte, "five", and the -omino of domino, fancifully interpreting the "d-" of "domino" as if it were a form of the Greek prefix "di-" (two). They were introduced to the general public by Martin Gardner in his October 1965 Mathematical Games column in Scientific American. Golomb starting in 1953 and later in his 1965 book Polyominoes: Puzzles, Patterns, Problems, and Packings. Pentominoes were formally defined by American professor Solomon W. The earliest tilings of rectangles with a complete set of pentominoes appeared in the Problemist Fairy Chess Supplement in 1935, and further tiling problems were explored in the PRCS, and its successor, the Fairy Chess Review. The earliest puzzle containing a complete set of pentominoes appeared in Henry Dudeney's book, The Canterbury Puzzles, published in 1907. The first naming convention is the one used in this article. Comparison of labeling schemes for the 12 possible pentomino shapes.
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